Accra The technology used to spray pesticides in most developing countries reflects technical standards of 40 years ago, resulting in waste of pesticides and environmental damage. There is, therefore, the need to adopt minimum standards for the safe and efficient application of agro-chemicals through good quality equipment and better training of farmers, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) said today. The FAO said in a statement that farmers and equipment operators have insufficient knowledge about pesticides and correct methods of application. Extension services rarely have technicians with the specialised knowledge of application technology. Quoting Theodor Friedrich of its Agricultural Engineering Branch, the organisation said in many countries the only specialists offering advice to farmers on application technology, handling and calibration of their equipment, are representatives of pesticide companies. “Farmers still believe in high volumes, high pressure and high doses as the most appropriate way to apply pesticides. “In many countries, much of the spraying equipment is in extremely poor condition. Nozzles are normally not replaced and are even enlarged on purpose to achieve flow rates”. The statement cited instances in Pakistan, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil and Colombia, where pesticides are resulting in wastage, residues in food crops, poisoning among spray operators and soil and ground water contamination. These were attributed to lack of trained farmers, legislation, improper maintenance of spraying equipment and insufficient protective clothing. “Technology allowing safe and efficient application of pesticides exists today and should be part of Integrated Pest management,” said Friedrich. He, however, pointed out that the application depends on technical capacity and the economic and cultural background of a country. Farmers could benefit from safe and more efficient pesticide application, saving large quantities of pesticides and money while achieving better pest control. The commercial sector could earn by providing technology, services and spare parts. The organisation suggested that incentives for improved equipment and quality should be created. It said a certification system could be introduced on a voluntary basis by manufacturers using the certificate as a quality trade mark and for sales promotion. Gri
